Nilpotent polynomials over $\mathbb{Z}$
Abstract
For a polynomial $u(x)$ in $\mathbb{Z}[x]$ and $r\in\mathbb{Z}$, we consider the orbit of $u$ at $r$ denoted and defined by $\mathcal{O}_u(r):=\{u^{(n)}(r)~|~n\in\mathbb{N}\}$. Here we study polynomials for which $0$ is in the orbit, and we call such polynomials \textit{nilpotent at }$r$ of index $m$ where $m$ is the minimum element of the set $\{n\in\mathbb N~|~u^{(n)}(r)=0\}$. We provide here a complete classification of these polynomials when $|r|\le 4$, with $|r|\le 1$ already covered in the author's previous paper, titled \textit{Locally nilpotent polynomials over $\mathbb Z$}. The central goal of this paper is to study the following questions: (i) relation between the integers $r$ and $m$ when the set of nilpotent polynomials at $r$ of index $m$ is non-empty, (ii) classification of the integer polynomials with nilpotency index $|r|$ for large enough $|r|$, and (iii) bounded integer polynomial sequences $\{r_n\}_{n\ge 0}$.
- Publication:
-
arXiv e-prints
- Pub Date:
- January 2024
- DOI:
- arXiv:
- arXiv:2401.01435
- Bibcode:
- 2024arXiv240101435S
- Keywords:
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- Mathematics - Number Theory;
- 11A41;
- 37P05 (Primary);
- 11A05;
- 11A07;
- 37P25 (Secondary)
- E-Print:
- 23 pages in total. This is a continuation of the research done by the author in the paper "Locally nilpotent polynomials over $\mathbb{Z}$". Comments are welcome!