Nasal filter reveal exposure risks of inhalable particulates and heavy metals in urban women
Abstract
Nasal filter obtained the actual inhaled PM10 for urban individual women. Air filter-based sampling underestimated the inhaled dose and health risk of PM10. Women closer to traffic emissions inhaled the most PM10 and heavy metals. Women exposed outdoors faced greater non-cancer and cancer risks. Women who work outdoors are more likely to develop asthma during haze event.
- Publication:
-
Environment International
- Pub Date:
- June 2024
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108743
- Bibcode:
- 2024EnInt.18808743G
- Keywords:
-
- Personal exposure;
- Inhaled particulate matter;
- Nasal filter;
- Haze;
- Health risk;
- Urban female