Analytic auto-differentiable ΛCDM cosmography

I present general analytic expressions for distance calculations (comoving distance, time coordinate, and absorption distance) in the standard ΛCDM cosmology, allowing for the presence of radiation and for non-zero curvature. The solutions utilise the symmetric Carlson basis of elliptic integrals, which can be evaluated with fast numerical algorithms that allow trivial parallelisation on GPUs and automatic differentiation without the need for additional special functions. I introduce a PyTorch-based implementation in the phytorch.cosmology package and briefly examine its accuracy and speed in comparison with numerical integration and other known expressions (for special cases). Finally, I demonstrate an application to high-dimensional Bayesian analysis that utilises automatic differentiation through the distance calculations to efficiently derive posteriors for cosmological parameters from up to 10⁶ mock type Ia supernovæ using variational inference.