Why has public transit ridership declined in the United States?
Abstract
Between 2012 and 2018, bus ridership in the US declined 15% and rail ridership declined 3%. We identify the factors responsible and quantify the contribution of each. Expanded transit service and land-use changes would have led to higher ridership but were offset by other factors. Ride-hailing is the biggest contributor to transit ridership decline. Higher fares, incomes, teleworking and car ownership, and lower gas prices also contribute.
- Publication:
-
Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice
- Pub Date:
- July 2022
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.tra.2022.04.006
- Bibcode:
- 2022TRPA..161...68E
- Keywords:
-
- Transit;
- Bus;
- Rail;
- Ride-hail;
- TNC