A review on water management issues: potential and challenges in Indonesia

Indonesia is a tropical country that only a rainy season and a dry season with high rainfall, and these conditions make Indonesia a country that is abundant in water, will not experience drought, or have difficulty getting clean water for daily needs. Contrary to reality, some areas in Indonesia are dry, and difficult to get clean water for daily needs. This article reviews the issue of clean water resources in Indonesia regarding potential, challenges, health impacts, and government decisions. The literature review was used to examine the existing problems to obtain an overview of the actual conditions related to the water management issues in Indonesia. Indonesia has 308 billion/m³ of rainwater potential entering groundwater basins, has 21.28% good performance dams, and 10.8 million hectares of the swamp that can be developed to accommodate water. However, water availability continued to decline to 1200 m³/year in 2020, slowing infrastructure development in water resource management, the lack of available storage for rainwater runoff, and the implementation of eco-efficient that is less than optimal are the main challenges. The impact is health problems in Indonesia in the form of an increase in diarrhea cases by 11%/year and dengue fever by 6.5%/year. The government's effort to provide access to clean water is the development of the Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Program, which has been successfully implemented for 15.4 million people. However, in the future, it is necessary to conduct in-depth studies related to institutions in the management of clean water resources in Indonesia.