Landau Levels as a Probe for Band Topology in Graphene Moiré Superlattices

We propose Landau levels as a probe for the topological character of electronic bands in two-dimensional moiré superlattices. We consider two configurations of twisted double bilayer graphene (TDBG) that have very similar band structures, but show different valley Chern numbers of the flat bands. These differences between the A B -A B and A B -B A configurations of TDBG clearly manifest as different Landau level sequences in the Hofstadter butterfly spectra calculated using the tight-binding model. The Landau level sequences are explained from the point of view of the distribution of orbital magnetization in momentum space that is governed by the rotational C₂ and time-reversal T symmetries. Our results can be readily extended to other twisted graphene multilayers and h -BN /graphene heterostructures thus establishing the Hofstadter butterfly spectra as a powerful tool for detecting the nontrivial valley band topology.