Quantum discrete levels of the Universe from the early trans-Planckian vacuum to the late dark energy
Abstract
We go forward in completing the Standard Model of the Universe back in time with Planckian and trans-Planckian physics before inflation in agreement with observations, classical-quantum gravity duality, and quantum space-time. The quantum vacuum energy bends the space-time and produces a constant curvature de Sitter background. We link the de Sitter Universe and the cosmological constant to the (classical and quantum) harmonic oscillator. We find the quantum discrete cosmological levels: size, time, vacuum energy, Hubble constant, and gravitational (Gibbons-Hawking) entropy and temperature from the very early trans-Planckian vacuum to the classical vacuum energy today. For each level n =0 ,1 ,2 ,… , the two post- and pre-(trans)-Planckian phases are covered: In the post-Planckian Universe tplanck≡tP≤t ≤1061tP, the levels (in Planck units) are Hubble constant Hn=1 /√{(2 n +1 ) }, vacuum energy Λn=1 /(2 n +1 ), and entropy Sn=(2 n +1 ). As n increases, radius, mass, and Sn increase, Hn and Λn decrease, and consistently the Universe classicalizes. In the pre-Planckian (trans-Planckian) phase 10-61tP≤t ≤tP, the quantum levels are HQ n=√{(2 n +1 ) }, ΛQ n=(2 n +1 ), and SQ n=1 /(2 n +1 ), Q denoting quantum. The n levels cover all scales from the far past highest excited trans-Planckian level n =10122 with finite curvature, ΛQ=10122, and minimum entropy SQ=10-122; n decreases till the Planck level (n =0 ) with Hplanck=1 =Λplanck=Splanck and enters the post-Planckian phase, e.g., n =1 ,2 ,…, ninflation=1012,… , ncmb=10114,… , nreoin=10118,…, and ntoday=10122, with the most classical value Htoday=10-61, Λtoday=10-122, and Stoday=10122. We implement the Snyder-Yang algebra in this context, yielding a consistent group-theory realization of quantum discrete de Sitter space-time, classical-quantum gravity duality symmetry, and a clarifying unifying picture.
- Publication:
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Physical Review D
- Pub Date:
- December 2021
- DOI:
- arXiv:
- arXiv:2004.09257
- Bibcode:
- 2021PhRvD.104l3517S
- Keywords:
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- Physics - General Physics;
- 83C;
- 83F05;
- 83C45;
- 81T20
- E-Print:
- Published version in Phys Rev D, 54 pages, 1 figure, new material. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1912.06655