Homological methods in semi-infinite contexts

Actions of algebraic groups on DG categories provide a convenient, unifying framework in some parts of geometric representation theory, especially the representation theory of reductive Lie algebras. We extend this theory to loop groups and affine Lie algebras, extending previous work of Beraldo, Gaitsgory and the author. Along the way, we introduce some subjects of independent interest: ind-coherent sheaves of infinite type indschemes, topological DG algebras, and weak actions of group indschemes on categories. We also present a new construction of semi-infinite cohomology for affine Lie algebras, based on a modular character for loop groups. As an application of our methods, we establish an important technical result for Kac-Moody representations at the critical level, showing that the appropriate ("renormalized") derived category of representations admits a large class of symmetries coming from the adjoint action of the loop group and from the center of the enveloping algebra.