Infrared Observations of Ganymede From the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper on Juno

The Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) on board the NASA Juno spacecraft is a dual-band imager and spectrometer in the 2-5 μm range with 9-nm spectral sampling, primarily designed to study the Jovian atmosphere and aurorae. In addition to these goals, JIRAM is used to obtain images and spectra of the Galilean satellites, every time the spacecraft attitude is favorable. Here we present JIRAM images and spectra of Ganymede obtained during the first 4 years of the mission. In particular, on 26 December 2019, during a relatively close passage of Juno with the moon, a dedicated reorientation of the spacecraft was performed to achieve optimized observations of Ganymede by Juno's remote sensing instruments, including JIRAM. In the outbound phase of the flyby, observing the northern polar regions of Ganymede at a distance of roughly 100,000 km, JIRAM collected infrared images and spectra of the surface at a spatial resolution as high as 23 km per pixel, covering high northern latitudes that were scarcely mapped previously. A photometric model of Ganymede reflectance is produced, which diverges from the Lambert model. The spatial distribution of the obtained spectra complements the available coverage of the surface, with particular regard to the 2.0-µm water ice absorption band and, to a lesser extent, to the 4.26-µm spectral feature diagnostic of CO₂ trapped in water ice. The water ice distribution is compatible with sputtered-induced water ice grain enrichment at high latitude (>45°). Several minor species (hydrated salts, trapped H₂, CO₂, and acids) are also identified in the measured spectra.