Recent trends on methods for the concentration of viruses from water samples

Relevant studies on waterborne viral occurrence published in the past 2 years have been analyzed showing that most of them were performed in surface waters and wastewater. Viruses were concentrated from surface water samples by applying, mainly, electronegative filtration or ultrafiltration combined with polyethyleneglycol precipitation, centrifugation, or centrifugal ultrafiltration, whereas for wastewater, most authors used flocculation/precipitation. Main novelties include monolithic filtration/chromatography and ultrafiltration-based new approaches as well as methods deployable in the field. Considering future climate change impacts, more studies on viral occurrence in groundwater, seawater, and reclaimed water are needed as well as standardized methods in view of future regulations comprising analysis of viral parameters in water matrices.