Broadband Selection, Spectroscopic Identification, and Physical Properties of a Population of Extreme Emission-line Galaxies at 3 < z < 3.7

We present the selection, spectroscopic identification, and physical properties of extreme emission-line galaxies (EELGs) at 3 < z < 3.7, aiming at studying physical properties of an analog population of star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at the epoch of reionization. The sample is selected based on the excess in the observed Ks broadband flux relative to the best-fit stellar continuum model flux. By applying a 0.3 mag excess as a primary criterion, we select 240 EELG candidates with intense emission lines and estimated an observed-frame equivalent width (EW) of ≳1000 Å over the UltraVISTA-DR2 ultra-deep stripe in the COSMOS field. We then carried out HK-band follow-up spectroscopy for 23 of the candidates with Subaru/MOIRCS, and we find that 19 and 2 of them are at z > 3 with intense [O III] emission and Hα emitters at z ≃ 2, respectively. These spectroscopically identified EELGs at z ≃ 3.3 show, on average, higher specific star formation rates (sSFRs) than the star-forming main sequence, low dust attenuation of E(B - V) ≲ 0.1 mag, and high [O III]/[O II]ratios of ≳3. We also find that our EELGs at z ≃ 3.3 have higher hydrogen-ionizing photon production efficiencies (ξ_ion) than the canonical value (≃10^25.2 erg^-1 Hz), indicating that they are efficient in ionizing their surrounding interstellar medium. These physical properties suggest that they are low-metallicity galaxies with higher ionizing parameters and harder UV spectra than normal SFGs, which is similar to galaxies with Lyman continuum (LyC) leakage. Among our EELGs, those with the largest [O III]/[O II] and EW([O III]) values would be the most promising candidates to search for LyC leakage. * Based on data collected at Subaru Telescope, which is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, with a proposal ID of S17A-049.