Type I Abelian Higgs strings: Evolution and cosmic microwave background constraints

We present results from the first simulations of networks of Type I Abelian Higgs cosmic strings to include both matter and radiation eras and cosmic microwave background (CMB) constraints. In Type I strings, the string tension is a slowly decreasing function of the ratio of the scalar and gauge mass-squared, β . We find that the mean string separation shows no dependence on β , and that the energy-momentum tensor correlators decrease approximately in proportion to the square of the string tension, with additional O(1) correction factors which asymptote to constants below β ≲0.01 . Strings in models with low self-couplings can therefore satisfy current CMB bounds at higher symmetry-breaking scales. This is particularly relevant for models where the gauge symmetry is broken in a supersymmetric flat direction, for which the effective self-coupling can be extremely small. If our results can be extrapolated to β ≃10^-15, even strings formed at 1 0¹⁶ GeV (approximately the grand unification scale in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model) can be compatible with CMB constraints.