Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic compositions of lamprophyres in western Shandong, China: Implications for the nature of the early cretaceous lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton

This paper presents new zircon Usbnd Pb ages and Hf isotope data, and whole-rock geochemical and Srsbnd Nd isotopic data, for lamprophyres in the western Shandong area of China. These data provide new insights into the nature of the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton (NCC) during the Early Cretaceous. The lamprophyres are divided into low-Ti (TiO₂ < 1.1 wt%; Ti/Y < 270) and high-Ti (TiO₂ > 2 wt%; Ti/Y > 370) suites, where the Xiaya and Jingziyu minettes are defined as low-Ti lamprophyres and the Jingziyu pyroxene lamprophyres are defined as high-Ti lamprophyres. The igneous zircons yield weighted-mean ages of 126, 132, and 130 Ma for the low- and high-Ti lamprophyres, respectively, indicating these units formed during the Early Cretaceous. The inherited zircons within the Xiaya and Jingziyu minettes define six (2517, 1852, 725, 375, 276, and 236 Ma) and two (2523 and 462 Ma) main age populations, respectively. In comparison, the inherited zircons from the Jingziyu pyroxene lamprophyres yield two main age populations (2523 and 1848 Ma). The low-Ti lamprophyres are enriched in the light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ion lithophile elements (LILE), depleted in the heavy REE (HREE) and high-field-strength elements (HFSE), and have small negative Eu anomalies. In comparison, the high-Ti lamprophyres are enriched in the LREE but are slightly depleted in the HFSE. The low-Ti lamprophyres also have high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) ratios (0.7121-0.7123), low ɛ_Nd(t) values (-18.81 to -18.62), and contain igneous zircons with relatively high ɛ_Hf(t) values (generally between -9.94 and -3.36). In comparison, the high-Ti lamprophyres have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr(t) ratios of 0.7066-0.7068, ɛ_Nd(t) values from -5.01 to -4.64, and contain igneous zircons with ɛ_Hf(t) values from -11.77 to -8.50. These data indicate the low-Ti lamprophyres formed from primary magmas generated by the partial melting of an enriched region of the lithospheric mantle that was previously strongly modified jointly by subduction breakoff of the downgoing Yangtze Craton basement material and delamination of the lower continental crust within the NCC. In comparison, the magmas that formed the high-Ti lamprophyres were generated by the partial melting of an enriched region of the lithospheric mantle that was weakly modified by interaction with the lower continental crust of the NCC. Both the low- and high-Ti lamprophyres formed in an extensional tectonic environment during lithospheric thinning, and the presence of these two suites of lamprophyres indicates that lithospheric thinning of the eastern NCC peaked during the Early Cretaceous.