Deriving Iodine-free Spectra for High-resolution Echelle Spectrographs

We describe a new method to derive clean, iodine-free spectra directly from observations acquired using high-resolution echelle spectrographs equipped with iodine cells. The main motivation to obtain iodine-free spectra is to use portions of the spectrum that are superimposed with the dense forest of iodine absorption lines, in order to retrieve lines that can be used to monitor the magnetic activity of the star, helping to validate candidate planets. In short, we provide a straightforward methodology to clean the spectra using the forward model used to derive radial velocities, the line spread function information plus the stellar spectrum without iodine to reconstruct and subtract the iodine spectrum from the observations. We show our results using observations of the star τ Ceti acquired with the Planet Finder Spectrograph (PFS), High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer (HIRES), and University College London Echelle Spectrograph (UCLES), reaching an iodine-free spectrum correction at the ∼1% rms level. We additionally discuss the limitations and further applications of the method.

Based on observations obtained with the Magellan Telescopes, operated by the Carnegie Institution, Harvard University, University of Michigan, University of Arizona, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.