VizieR Online Data Catalog: Early X-ray flares in GRBs (Ruffini+, 2018)
Abstract
The discovery of GRBs by the Vela satellites was presented at the AAAS meeting in February 1974 in San Francisco (Gursky & Ruffini 1975ASSL...48.....G). The Vela satellites were operating in gamma-rays in the 150-750keV energy range and only marginally in X-rays.
Since 1991, the BATSE detectors on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) have been leading to the classification of GRBs on the basis of their spectral hardness and of their observed T90 duration in the 50-300keV energy band. The BeppoSAX satellite, operating since 1996, joined the expertise of the X-ray and gamma-ray communities. Its gamma-ray burst monitor (GRBM) operating in the 40-700keV energy band determined the trigger of the GRB, and two wide-field cameras operating in the 2-30keV X-ray energy band allowed the localization of the source within an arcminute resolution. The Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), operating in the 15-150keV energy band, can detect GRB prompt emissions and accurately determine their position in the sky within 3 arcmin. Within 90s, Swift can re-point the narrow-field X-ray telescope (XRT), operating in the 0.3-10keV energy range, and relay the burst position to the ground. Thanks to the Swift satellite, the number of detected GRBs increased rapidly to 480 sources with known redshifts. We have used Swift-XRT data in differentiating two distinct subclasses of long GRBs: X-ray flares (XRFs) with Eiso<~1052erg and binary-driven hypernovae (BdHNe) with Eiso>~1052erg (see Section 3). Finally, the Fermi satellite, launched in 2008, detects ultrahigh energy photons from 20MeV to 300GeV with the Large Area Telescope (LAT) and detects photons from 8keV to 30MeV with the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM). For the purposes of this article addressing long GRBs, the Fermi observations have been prominent in further distinguishing between XRFs and BdHNe. (5 data files).- Publication:
-
VizieR Online Data Catalog
- Pub Date:
- September 2018
- DOI:
- 10.26093/cds/vizier.18520053
- Bibcode:
- 2018yCat..18520053R
- Keywords:
-
- GRB;
- X-ray sources;
- Redshifts