Bunker levy schemes for greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction in international shipping
Abstract
A unit tax and an ad valorem tax on shipping bunker fuels are analysed. A speed and fuel-consumption reduction and an industry profit decline are expected. The economic implications vary depending on the structure of the levy scheme. An improvement in the energy efficiency of the maritime sector is expected. The allocation of the costs along the supply chain depends on the market conditions.
- Publication:
-
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
- Pub Date:
- December 2017
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.010
- Bibcode:
- 2017TRPD...57..195K
- Keywords:
-
- Market-based measures (MBM);
- Green shipping;
- Greenhouse Gas emissions;
- International tax;
- Bunker levy