Modifying Earth's Insolation with Aerosols: Reflectance and Polarization Properties of Candidate Particulate Materials

We report reflectance phase curves of selected materials, including several that, if distributed as particulate aerosols, might regulate solar insolation and hence reduce Earth's surface temperature. (See e.g. Teller et al., 1997). We have identified several materials that have phase functions that are remarkably backscattering at very small phase angles (Nelson et al., 2017). When these materials are of appropriately small particle size and in the form of dispersed discrete random media, they are highly reflective at ultraviolet and visual wavelengths. Particles of less than 0.5 microns in diameter are transparent in the infrared. The most promising of these is the mineral halite (NaCl). NaCl and its sister materials exhibit this property due to their simple cubic crystal structure. In crystalline form they are `corner cube' reflectors similar to those on bicycle reflectors used throughout the world, and in arrays deployed by astronauts on the Moon for precise distance determination. As aerosols distributed in relatively small quantities, NaCl might reduce the solar forcing function by several W/m2, the amount estimated by the IPCC to be the anthropogenic contribution to global warming. Furthermore, NaCl is environmentally benign and, as a particulate aerosol, it would have short residence time in the atmosphere. With great trepidation, we suggest potential use in these areas:

Temporary regional application to mitigate short-term, life-threatening conditions in areas where extreme temperature events are expected on timescales of days, and Global application for immediate relief during a near-term transition period to an atmosphere that is generally free of anthropogenic greenhouse gas. We offer this as a temporary relief measure and not a solution, somewhat analogous to the application of morphine in a medical situation. This work partially supported by NASA's Cassini Orbiter Program