Constraining the mass of the planet(s) sculpting a disk cavity. The intriguing case of 2MASS J16042165-2130284
Abstract
Context. The large cavities observed in the dust and gas distributions of transition disks may be explained by planet-disk interactions. At 145 pc, 2MASS J16042165-2130284 (J1604) is a 5-12 Myr old transitional disk with different gap sizes in the mm- and μm-sized dust distributions (outer edges at 79 and at 63 au, respectively). Its 12CO emission shows a 30 au cavity. This radial structure suggests that giant planets are sculpting this disk.
Aims: We aim to constrain the masses and locations of plausible giant planets around J1604.
Methods: We observed J1604 with the Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT), in IRDIFS_EXT, pupil-stabilized mode, obtaining YJH-band images with the integral field spectrograph (IFS) and K1K2-band images with the Infra-Red Dual-beam Imager and Spectrograph (IRDIS). The dataset was processed exploiting the angular differential imaging (ADI) technique with high-contrast algorithms.
Results: Our observations reach a contrast of ΔK,ΔYH 12 mag from 0".15 to 0".80 ( 22 to 115 au), but no planet candidate is detected. The disk is directly imaged in scattered light at all bands from Y to K, and it shows a red color. This indicates that the dust particles in the disk surface are mainly ≳0.3 μm-sized grains. We confirm the sharp dip/decrement in scattered light in agreement with polarized light observations. Comparing our images with a radiative transfer model we argue that the southern side of the disk is most likely the nearest.
Conclusions: This work represents the deepest search yet for companions around J1604. We reach a mass sensitivity of ≳2-3 MJup from 22 to 115 au according to a hot start scenario. We propose that a brown dwarf orbiting inside of 15 au and additional Jovian planets at larger radii could account for the observed properties of J1604 while explaining our lack of detection.
- Publication:
-
Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Pub Date:
- February 2017
- DOI:
- 10.1051/0004-6361/201629145
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1606.07087
- Bibcode:
- 2017A&A...598A..43C
- Keywords:
-
- protoplanetary disks;
- planet-disk interactions;
- stars: variables: T Tauri;
- Herbig Ae/Be;
- techniques: high angular resolution;
- stars: individual: 2MASS J16042165-2130284;
- Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics;
- Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
- E-Print:
- 10 pages, 7 Figures. Accepted for publication in A&