Experimental observation of surface states and Landau levels bending in bilayer graphene

We report on microscopic measurements of the low-energy electronic structures both at the zigzag and armchair edges of bilayer graphene using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM and STS). We have found that, both in the absence and in the presence of a magnetic field, an almost zero-energy peak in the density of states was localized at the zigzag edges, as expected for the surface states at the zigzag edges of bilayer graphene. In the quantum Hall regime, we have clearly observed Landau levels bending away from the charge neutrality point near both the zigzag and armchair edges. Such a result is direct evidence for the evolution of Landau levels into quantum Hall edge states in graphene bilayers. Our experiment indicates that it is possible to explore rich quantum Hall physics in graphene systems using STM and STS.