Voltage optimization of a 4-element injection lens on a hemispherical spectrograph with virtual entry aperture
Abstract
We present simulation results for a biased paracentric hemispherical deflector analyzer equipped with a 4-element input lens and a position sensitive detector used in our zero-degree Auger projectile spectroscopy apparatus. Calculations of electron trajectories traversing the lens and analyzer fields were performed and cross checked using both boundary-element and finite-difference methods. The two middle lens electrode voltages were varied as free parameters, while various criteria were used to select their optimal values in an effort to obtain improved energy resolution.
- Publication:
-
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B
- Pub Date:
- February 2016
- DOI:
- 10.1016/j.nimb.2015.10.009
- Bibcode:
- 2016NIMPB.369...92M
- Keywords:
-
- Hemispherical deflector analyzer;
- 4-element electrostatic lens;
- Energy resolution;
- Electron spectrometers;
- Charged particle optics