A scaling phenomenon in the difference of Shannon information uncertainty of fragments in heavy-ion collisions

Shannon information-entropy uncertainty is used to analyze fragments in the measured 140A MeV {}^{40,48}Ca + ⁹Be and {}^{58,64}Ni + ⁹Be reactions. A scaling phenomenon is found in the information-uncertainty difference of fragments between the reactions. The scaling phenomenon is explained in the manner of canonical ensemble theory, and is reproduced in simulated reactions using the antisymmetric molecular dynamics (AMD) and AMD + GEMINI models. The probes based on information uncertainty, requiring no equilibrium state of reaction, can be used in the non-equilibrium system, and bridge the results of the static thermodynamics models and the evolving dynamical transport models.