Multi-messenger Tests for Fast-spinning Newborn Pulsars Embedded in Stripped-envelope Supernovae
Abstract
Fast-spinning strongly magnetized newborn neutron stars (NSs), including nascent magnetars, are popularly implemented as the engine of luminous stellar explosions. Here, we consider the scenario that they power various stripped-envelope (SE) supernovae (SNe), not only superluminous SNe Ic but also broad-line (BL) SNe Ibc and possibly some ordinary SNe Ibc. This scenario is also motivated by the hypothesis that Galactic magnetars largely originate from fast-spinning NSs as remnants of SE SNe. By consistently modeling the energy injection from magnetized wind and {}56{Ni} decay, we show that proto-NSs with ≳ 10 {ms} rotation and a poloidal magnetic field of {B}{{dip}}≳ 5× {10}14 {{G}} can be harbored in ordinary SNe Ibc. On the other hand, millisecond proto-NSs can solely power BL SNe Ibc if they are born with {B}{{dip}}≳ 5× {10}14 {{G}} and superluminous SNe Ic with {B}{{dip}}≳ {10}13 {{G}}. Then, we study how multi-messenger emission can be used to discriminate such pulsar-driven SN models from other competitive scenarios. First, high-energy X-ray and gamma-ray emission from embryonic pulsar wind nebulae can probe the underlying newborn pulsar. Follow-up observations of SE SNe using NuSTAR ∼ 50{--}100 {days} after the explosion are strongly encouraged for nearby objects. We also discuss possible effects of gravitational waves (GWs) on the spin-down of proto-NSs. If millisecond proto-NSs with {B}{{dip}}\lt {{a}} {few}× {10}13 {{G}} emit GWs through, e.g., non-axisymmetric rotation deformed by the inner toroidal fields of {B}{{t}}≳ {10}16 {{G}}, the GW signal can be detectable from ordinary SNe Ibc in the Virgo cluster by Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA.
- Publication:
-
The Astrophysical Journal
- Pub Date:
- February 2016
- DOI:
- 10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/94
- arXiv:
- arXiv:1508.04393
- Bibcode:
- 2016ApJ...818...94K
- Keywords:
-
- gravitational waves;
- stars: magnetars;
- supernovae: general;
- X-rays: general;
- Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena;
- Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics;
- Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
- E-Print:
- 15 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ