Sub-exponential Mixing of Open Systems with Particle–Disk Interactions

We consider a class of mechanical particle systems with deterministic particle–disk interactions coupled to Gibbs heat reservoirs at possibly different temperatures. We show that there exists a unique (non-equilibrium) steady state. This steady state is mixing, but not exponentially mixing, and all initial distributions converge to it. In addition, for a class of initial distributions, the rates of converge to the steady state are sub-exponential.