Screening mechanisms in modified gravity

The ubiquitous role of light scalar fields in modified gravity models necessitates the introduction of screening mechanisms whereby gravitation in the solar system can be described by the General Theory of Relativity to an extremely precise level. On larger scales, the laws of gravity can be modified with various phenomelogical consequences. We review the status of the three main mechanisms when a single scalar field modifies gravity. We emphasize the qualitative and quantitative differences between the models subject to the chameleon and the Damour-Polyakov mechanisms on the one hand, and the Vainshtein mechanism on the other hand.