The Lyα Lines of H I and He II: A Differential Hanle Effect for Exploring the Magnetism of the Solar Transition Region

The Lyα line of He II at 304 Å is one of the spectral lines of choice for EUV channels of narrowband imagers on board space telescopes, which provide spectacular intensity images of the outer solar atmosphere. Since the magnetic field information is encoded in the polarization of the spectral line radiation, it is important to investigate whether the He II line radiation from the solar disk can be polarized, along with its magnetic sensitivity. Here we report some theoretical predictions concerning the linear polarization signals produced by scattering processes in this strong emission line of the solar transition region, taking into account radiative transfer and the Hanle effect caused by the presence of organized and random magnetic fields. We find that the fractional polarization amplitudes are significant (~1%), even when considering the wavelength-integrated signals. Interestingly, the scattering polarization of the Lyα line of He II starts to be sensitive to the Hanle effect for magnetic strengths B >~ 100 G (i.e., for magnetic strengths of the order of and larger than the Hanle saturation field of the hydrogen Lyα line at 1216 Å). We therefore propose simultaneous observations of the scattering polarization in both Lyα lines to facilitate magnetic field measurements in the upper solar chromosphere. Even the development of a narrowband imaging polarimeter for the He II 304 Å line alone would be already of great diagnostic value for probing the solar transition region.