Generation of Electron Cyclotron Harmonic waves around the Moon

The study of the electron cyclotron harmonic(ECH) waves has been extensively made in the view point of the magnetospheric physics as well as the microscopic wave-particle interaction. The Japanese lunar satellite Kaguya provides another observation of the ECH waves around the moon. The interaction between the moon and space plasmas results in the generation of the ECH waves. We performed the detailed data analyses using the plasma wave data observed by the Kaguya as well as the linear dispersion analyses. First of all we found the close relation of the ECH wave observation and the magnetic anomaly of the night side of the moon. In order to examine the generation condition of the ECH waves, we consult the Kaguya electron data. The data show that the importance of the coexistence of of electron loss cone velocity distribution and low energy electron beams. The loss cone velocity distribution can be formed by the mirror force at the magnetic anomaly on the surface of the moon. The low energy electron beam can be realized by the acceleration due to the negative potential of the moon surface on the night side. We then assume these two kinds of electron distribution are essential to excite ECH waves. However the loss cone distribution and low energy beam are observed not only in the magnetosphere but also in the wake region, where ECH waves are not observed. This means some parametric dependence of the ECH wave generation even under the coexistence of the electron loss cone distribution and low energy electron beam. In order to make clear the parametric condition of the ECH waves around the moon, we calculate the linear growth rate by solving the kinetic plasma dispersion relation using the realistic plasma parameters of the lobe, plasma sheet and wake regions based on the KAGUYA observation. In the linear dispersion analysis, we assumed hot electrons and cold electrons, and the former have loss cone distribution and the latter has drift velocity which equivalent electron beams. As a result, ECH waves can be excited as long as there exist both loss cone distribution and electron beam. We also found cold electron should not be a beam. The result also shows the growth rate of ECH depends on the parameter of temperature ratio of cold electrons and hot ones Tc / Th and density ratio of nc / nh, and growth rate is highest in the region of environment of plasma sheet and it is lowest in that of wake. This result of calculation corresponds to the observation data that ECH waves are often observed in plasma sheet while they not at all.