Heat generation and transport due to time-dependent forces

We study heat generation and transport properties for solids in the presence of arbitrary time-dependent forces. Using a nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) approach we present an exact analytical expression of heat current for the linear system. We found that the current can be expressed in terms of the displacement of the atoms in the center and the self-energy of the heat bath. We carry out the calculation for a periodic driving force and study the dependence of steady state current on frequency and system size for one- and two-dimensional systems. We obtain an explicit solution of current for a one-dimensional linear chain connected with a Rubin bath. We found that the heat current is related to the density of states of the system and is independent of the bath temperature in ballistic transport. The baths can absorb energy only when the external frequency lies within the phonon band frequency. We also discuss the effect due to nonlinear interactions in the center.