A tremor detector based on Gaussianity differences

Slip occurring at plate boundaries creates seismic tremor as well as "normal" earthquakes. This nonvolcanic tremor appears to consist of swarms of low-frequency earthquakes which lack impulsive P and S arrivals. Tremor is accompanied by slip observed by GPS and can show anomalies in fluid flow. The seismic radiation resembles continuous microseismic noise more than discrete events. We report dual-frequency coherence (DFC) calculations on tremor and normal microseismic background noise observed on Ocean-Bottom Seismographs and land seismic stations around the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. Both the OBS and land tremor signals show a banded pattern in DFC that is absent in normal noise. The similarity in the DFC patterns between OBS and land tremor signals suggests a common source, eliminating the possibility that DFC is a property of the OBS or seafloor environment. Banded DFC patterns can be generated by repeated events with a repeat time equal to the reciprocal of the offset frequency between bands. If, as is becoming widely accepted, nonvolcanic tremor consists of swarms of low frequency earthquakes (LFE), DFC analysis may help to reveal LFE periodicities or intervals. Timeseries statistics measuring departures from Gaussianity differ between time periods containing tremor and those with only background noise, and the statistic "S" can be used as a detection statistic. We show the Receiver Operating Characteristic for such a detector.