Assessing Solid-State SWE Sensors in Windy Arctic Conditions

Automated point measurements of Arctic snow water equivalent (SWE) are rare and traditionally estimated by various snow gauges or periodic ground surveys of snow conditions. However, gauges have recognized shortcomings with their performance, reliability, and interpretation. Further, ground snow surveys represent spatial patterns of snow deposition across landscapes well, yet lack the desirable frequency required for a comprehensive understanding of snowpack evolution. As part of the SnowNet project, solid-state SWE snow sensors (i.e. snow pillows) were installed at three sites in the Arctic to assess their performance in continuously measuring SWE during the entire snow season. The sensors were installed in Alaska at Barrow (2007) and Imnavait Creek (2008), and at Trail Valley Creek (2009) in Canada’s Northwest Territories. Using the snow sensors and ancillary equipment (e.g., cameras, sonic sounders, meteorological towers), we observed snow accumulation, transport and drifting across the sensor during strong wind events, and snowmelt. Periodic site field surveys were used to assess the instrument’s performance. Overall, the solid-state SWE sensors do a remarkable job of characterizing snow processes in windy Arctic environments and provide us with a reasonable continuous record of snow.