Characterization of Photorefractive Materials Using Holographic and Photoconductivity Techniques
Abstract
Photorefractive materials exhibit photoconductive and electro-optic properties. The first step in the optical recording process in these materials is the building up of a spatial modulation of electric charges via charge carriers excitation from localized to extended states where they diffuse and/or are drifted and then retrapped in a localized state. In this way the pattern of light onto the sample is converted into a spatial modulation of charges and its corresponding space-charge electric field produces a volume index-of-refraction modulation via electro-optic effect. The latter is the resulting volume phase hologram. The position of the photoconductive centers in the localized states in the material band gap as well as the density and properties of the donor/acceptor centers and charge carriers transport properties are therefore important parameters characterizing the materials and determining their performance as far as optical recording is concerned. For determining these parameters we use optical, holographic, conductivity and photoconductivity techniques. Photoconductivity is useful for detecting the position of the photoconductive localized states in the band gap whereas holography allows finding out the diffusion and Debye lengths, quantum efficiency for charge carriers generation and hole-electron competition. We successfully apply some of these techniques for characterizing different materials with particular emphasis on nominally undoped photorefractive Bi12TiO20 and show how different dopants affect its properties and its holographic recording performance.
- Publication:
-
6th Ibero-American Conference on Optics (RIAO) 9th Latin-American Meeting on Optics, Lasers and Applications (OPTILAS)
- Pub Date:
- April 2008
- DOI:
- 10.1063/1.2926956
- Bibcode:
- 2008AIPC..992..704F
- Keywords:
-
- 42.70.Nq;
- 72.40.+w;
- 42.70.Ln;
- Other nonlinear optical materials;
- photorefractive and semiconductor materials;
- Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects;
- Holographic recording materials;
- optical storage media