The Enrichment of Galaxies by Quasar Outflows

Our recent Chandra and XMM-Newton observations of the gravitationally lensed broad absorption line quasars (BALQSOs) APM 08279+5255 and PG 1115+080 have provided new insights into the structure of quasar outflows and the enrichment of their host galaxies by quasar winds (Chartas et al. 2002, 2003). Our spectral analysis of these observations suggests the presence of X-ray BAL material accelerated to relativistic velocities of up to ∼ 0.4c, considerably larger than the observed velocities of the UV BAL absorbers in these objects. We present constraints on the quasar mass-outflow rates based on the observed relativistic outflow velocities and locations of the X-ray BAL material.