Some Unsettled Questions in the Problem of Neutrino Oscillations. Mechanisms of Neutrino Oscillations

In the modern theory of neutrino oscillations constructed in the framework of the theory particle physics there appears three types of neutrino transitions (oscillations). Then, in order to solve the question of which type of neutrino transitions (oscillations) are realized in nature, in experiments, it is necessary to study profile of neutrino transitions in dependence on distances for determination lengths and angle mixings. At present it is presumed that Dirac and Ma jorana neutrino oscillations can be realized. It is shown that we cannot put Ma jorana neutrinos in the standard weak interactions theory without violation of the gauge invariance. Also is shown that the mechanism of resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter cannot be realized without violation of the law of energy-momentum conservation. Then, it is obvious that there can be only realized transitions (oscillations) between Dirac neutrinos with different flavors. 1. Introduction In previous works [1,2] it was shown that there are three types of vacuum neutrino oscillations. One of them is the standard mechanism of neutrino oscillations, [3] where angle of neutrino mixings is defined by neutrino mass differences and nondiagonal mass terms; and in other cases the angle of mixings is maximal (π /4). Let us come to critical consideration of mechanisms of neutrino oscillations. 2. impossibility of resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter In three different approaches by using mass Lagrangian [4-6], by using the Dirac equation [5, 6], and using the operator formalism [7] the author of this work has discussed the problem of mass generation in the standard weak interactions, and came to a conclusion that the standard weak interaction cannot generate masses of fermions since the right-handed components of fermions do not participate in these interactions. Also it is shown [8] that the equation for Green function of the weak-interacting fermions (neutrinos) in the matter coincides with the equation for Green function of fermions in vacuum, and the law of conservation of the energy and the momentum of neutrino in matter will be fulfilled [7] only if the energy W of polarization of matter by the neutrino or the corresponding term in Wolfenstein equation, is zero (it means that neutrinos cannot generate permanent polarization of matter). These results lead to the conclusion: resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter does not exist. The simplest method to prove the absence of the resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter is: If we put an electrical (or strong) charged particle a in matter, there would arise polarization of matter. Since the field around particle a is spherically symmetrical, the polarization must also be spherically symmetrical. Then, the particle will be left at rest and the law of energy and momentum conservation is fulfilled.