Peak effect, vortex-lattice melting line, and order-disorder transition in conventional and high-Tc superconductors

We investigate the order-disorder transition line from a Bragg glass to an amorphous vortex glass in the H-T phase diagram of three-dimensional type-II superconductors taking into account both pinning-caused and thermal fluctuations of the vortex lattice. Our approach is based on the Lindemann criterion and on results of the collective pinning theory and generalizes previous work of other authors. It is shown that the shapes of the order-disorder transition line and the vortex-lattice melting curve are determined only by the Ginzburg number, which characterizes thermal fluctuations, and by a parameter which describes the strength of the quenched disorder in the flux-line lattice. In the framework of this unified approach we obtain the H-T phase diagrams for both conventional and high-T_c superconductors. Several well-known experimental results concerning the fishtail effect and the phase diagram of high-T_c superconductors are naturally explained by assuming that a peak effect in the critical current density versus H signalizes the order-disorder transition line in superconductors with point defects.