Tibia Lead Levels and Methodological Uncertainty in 12-Year-Old Children
Abstract
In vivo bone lead measurements with 109Cd-based K-shell X-ray fluorescence (XRF) have been used to assess long-term lead exposure in adults. Tibia lead levels were measured in 210 children (106 boys, 104 girls) of 11-12{1}/{2} years of age in a lead smelter town and in a control (nonexposed) town. Tibia lead levels, methodological uncertainties, and models of some of the factors influencing them are presented. 109Cd-based K-shell XRF tibia lead methodological uncertainty in children is comparable to that in adults.
- Publication:
-
Environmental Research
- Pub Date:
- May 2001
- DOI:
- 10.1006/enrs.2001.4251
- Bibcode:
- 2001ER.....86...60T
- Keywords:
-
- X-ray fluorescence;
- bone;
- lead.