Anthropogenic emissions of trichloromethane (chloroform, CHCl3) and chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22): Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory
Abstract
Anthropogenic emissions of trichloromethane (CHCl3, chloroform) in 1990 have been estimated with a variety of methods specific to the source category. The largest source category for CHCl3 was found to be pulp and paper manufacturing, responsible for an estimated 30±8 Gg yr-1 reactive chlorine in the form of CHCl3. Water treatment of various types was estimated to contribute another 19±12 Gg. Manufacturing facilities of products other than pulp or paper and other relatively minor sources were estimated to emit an additional 13±5 Gg yr-1, for a total of 62±25 Gg yr-1 reactive chlorine in the form of CHCl3. The global flux of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) is well characterized from industrial and regulatory data to have been 195 Gg in 1990, equivalent to 80±0.6 Gg yr-1 as active chlorine. The fluxes of reactive chlorine from CHCl3 and HCFC-22, distributed globally in a 1° latitude times 1° longitude grid, revealed areas highest in emissions.
- Publication:
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Journal of Geophysical Research
- Pub Date:
- April 1999
- DOI:
- 10.1029/1999JD900053
- Bibcode:
- 1999JGR...104.8405A
- Keywords:
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- Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Constituent sources and sinks;
- Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution-urban and regional;
- Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere-composition and chemistry