Evolution of particle clouds around ablating pellets in magnetically confined hot plasmas

Cryogenic hydrogen isotope pellets are currently being used for introducing fuel particles into the plasma interior in magnetic confinement fusion experiments. The spatial and the time evolution of the initially low-temperature, high-density particle clouds forming around such pellets are considered. While the dynamic processes associated with the ionization and radial confinement processes are characterized by the relatively short Alfven time scale, the subsequent phase of axial expansion is associated with a notably larger hydrodynamic time scale defined by the heat input and gasdynamic expansion rates. Data stemming from experimental measurements in toroidal confinement machines are compared with results of model calculations. Some similarities with extraterrestrial plasma scenarios, such as the earlier magnetospheric barium release experiments, are discussed.