The effects of acceleration on precision frequency sources (proposed for IEEE standards project p1193)

The effects of acceleration on quartz and atomic frequency sources are reviewed. The discussion includes: steady-state acceleration effects, gravity change effects, shock effects, and vibration effects. The vibration effects section includes: sinusoidal vibration, random vibration, acoustic noise, the effects of frequency multiplication, small and large modulation indexes, the effects on short term stability, and spectral responses at other than the vibration frequency. Guidelines are provided for the specification and testing of oscillator acceleration sensitivities.