Thin film solid state cells with three inorganic components

Thin film solid-state electrochemical cells with inorganic components were investigated. Various combinations of materials and fabrication techniques were studied and classified to determine which had the better chance for commercialization. Theoretical predictions were verified by experiments, providing a sound basis for predicting promising combinations. These thermovoltaic cells are divided into 2 main categories; Large cells that are maintained at a high operating temperature by joule heat; and small or medium size cells that operate close to room temperature, in a humid environment. Within these categories, there are primary and secondary type cells that offer distinct advantages over commercially available cells in both performance and price. High specific power (100 watt/lb.) and specific energy (1000 watt-hr/lb) are achieved by eliminating weight of chemical oxidizers, massive electrodes and enclosures used in conventional batteries.