Relationship between the work of teachers in nonformal settings and in schools
Abstract
Formal and nonformal education differ more in strategies and administration than in content. This however is not to say that there are not some important distinctions in the nature of content of what is usually done under formal education especially when we are dealing with particular professions and vocations. Recent efforts to integrate formal and nonformal education especially since publication of the report of the International Commission on the Development of Education have highlighted certain challenges in defining the role of the teacher especially in the nonformal sector and in the operation of an integrated system. Examples of efforts at integration may be found in the community schools in many Eastern African countries, the mosque schools or 'maktabs' in Pakistan, the N.A.E.P. in India, the Vocational Skills Improvement unit in Nigeria and the various extramural and extension programmes of tertiary institutions. Among the major implications for a new orientation of teachers are (1) the issue of mobility of individuals between the formal and nonformal systems, (2) the issue of integrating the administration of formal and nonformal education, (3) the issue of appropriate strategies for teacher training and (4) the issue of creating new cadres of teachers besides those currently trained in conventional teachers' colleges. Among the embedded challenges is that of evolving new assessment procedures and establishment of equivalences between practical experience and formal academic instruction. The educational system as a whole still has a considerable way to go in meeting these challenges.
- Publication:
-
International Review of Education
- Pub Date:
- September 1987
- DOI:
- 10.1007/BF00615306
- Bibcode:
- 1987IREdu..33..339Y
- Keywords:
-
- Avant;
- Teacher Training;
- Assessment Procedure;
- International Commission;
- Major Implication