Noniterative procedure for calculating ELF mode constants in the anisotropic earth-ionosphere waveguide

A noniterative procedure is developed for calculating ELF mode constants and dipole excitation factors in the anisotropic earth-ionosphere waveguide to an accuracy comparable with iterative full-wave numerical techniques. The procedure enables one to calculate phase speeds, attenuation rates, excitation factors and polarization ratios for arbitrary ionospheric conductivity profiles and arbitrary ground conductivity. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparison with full-wave calculations at a frequency of 75 Hz for a normal nighttime and a disturbed daytime ionosphere, and two extremes of ground conductivity.