Operating characteristics of resonance amplifiers with distributed interaction and preliminary beam modulation

Expressions are obtained for calculating the main characteristics of millimeter-wave resonance amplifiers (orotrons, diffraction-radiation generators, resonance BWTs, etc.) with distributed interaction in the case of direct signal injection into the beam-field interaction space. A comparison of the characteristics (gain, output power, operating frequency band, and noise factor) of diffraction-radiation-generator systems shows that devices with preliminary beam modulation are superior to direct-injection devices. Good agreement is found between theoretical results and experimental data.