Turbulence modelling for the prediction of turbulent jets: Wakes and plumes

Numerical results of calculations for two-dimensional (including axisymmetric) external turbulent shear-flows (plane wall jets and plumes, plane surface jets, plane wakes, and free jets and plumes) are presented. The statistical approach adopted calculates the distribution of mean-flow quantities over the flow field by averaged transport equations. The unknown correlations representing the turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum are calculated with a transport model involving two local turbulence parameters; the turbulent kinetic energy and the time-mean square of the vorticity-fluctuations. The turbulence model is modified through algebraic-stress/flux modeling so as to account for the anisotropy of the turbulence field. Comparisons with experimental data are shown to be in reasonable agreement with measurements.