Electrostatic and electromagnetic eigenmodes near the electron and ion gyrofrequencies in a cylindrical plasma

We show that under a wide range of conditions easily achievable in the laboratory, the dispersion of the radial eigenmodes of electromagnetic whistler mode waves in a cylindrical magneto-plasma is dominated by the electron inertia and becomes synonymous with the electrostatic Trivelpiece-Gould modes. A similar situation exists close to, but just below, the ion gyrofrequency.