X-Ray Absorption Studies of Silica-Supported Platinum Catalysts.
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (near-edge structure and EXAFS) was used to characterize Pt/SiO(,2) catalysts both electronically and structurally. Two major developments have been made to characterize this system. A technique to quantitatively extract the number of d-band holes in a material utilizing measurements of the L(,2) and L(,3) x-ray absorption edge spectra is presented. The quantity determined is called "the d-electron character" and is defined as the fractional change in the number of d-band holes relative to a reference material. Next, EXAFS analysis procedures were extended to the higher shells (second, third, and fourth) by using the appropriate model shells from EXAFS data of a 2.5-(mu)m-thick platinum foil taken at liquid nitrogen temperature. Four samples were prepared: three by the ion-exchange technique with Pt loadings of 2 wt.%, 1 wt.%, and 0.5 wt.%, and one by the impregnation (incipient wetness) technique with Pt loading of 2 wt.%. The samples were subjected to different pretreatment conditions and were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and hydrogen chemisorption. The conclusions made by x-ray absorption spectroscopy were as follows. All samples consist of highly dispersed spherical Pt particles with an average size in the range of 8-28 (ANGSTROM) and are electron deficient relative to bulk Pt. No significant changes on the structural and electronic properties are observed for Pt loadings in the range 1-2 wt.% and H('2)-reduction temperatures in the range 473-723 K for samples prepared by the ion-exchange technique. Slightly smaller Pt particles, which are more electron deficient, are formed when the Pt loading is decreased to 0.5 wt.%. The ion-exchange technique produces smaller Pt particles, which are more electron deficient relative to the impregnation technique. Samples prepared without the O('2)-calcination consist of smaller Pt particles, which are more electron deficient relative to samples prepared with the O('2)-calcination.
- Publication:
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Ph.D. Thesis
- Pub Date:
- 1983
- Bibcode:
- 1983PhDT.......103M
- Keywords:
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- Physics: Condensed Matter