The Conical Scan Radiometer for earth observations from space

The Conical Scan Radiometer (CSR) is planned for Spacelab in 1984 and for satellite-borne application in 1986. Designed to measure earth radiation, the CSR will also be used for meteorological and climatic observations. It is based on the conical scanning principle, and is operational in the spectral region from 0.2 to 50 microns. Onboard calibration capabilities are presented, and the two-dimensional pyroelectric detector arrays for constant pixel measurements independent of the observational angle are described. Direct information can be obtained on cloud banks, surface characteristics (temperature, humidity and reflection), and constituents of the atmosphere such as aerosol and ozone. Specifications include: power of 57 W, weight of 45 kg, and data transmission rate of 10 kbit/sec. Due to improved observations of planetary radiation fluctuations, the CSR will make possible more accurate weather forecasts and climatic diagnoses. A block diagram is included.