A review of the theory of multiple scattering of LIDAR beams in clouds

A review of the theory of multiple scattering of laser beams in clouds is presented. The solutions of the radiative transfer equation in three dimensions are considered. These include: (1) Neumann solutions with small angle scattering approximations; (2) diffusion approximations; and (3) time-dependent problems, mainly with small angle approximations. Monte Carlo simulations are also discussed. Advantages and limitations of the various techniques previously cited are discussed. Information regarding the microstructure of clouds that multiply scattered laser beams may reveal is also considered.