The calculation of the equivalent circuits of coaxial-line step discontinuities

A method of calculating the equivalent circuits of discontinuities in coaxial lines caused by abrupt changes of radius in one or both of the coaxial conductors is presented. The theory was fully worked out for discontinuities of the inner conductor alone. Implementation of the final equations on a computer is described. The performance of the resulting program is discussed, including the effects of truncation error and extrapolation to infinity. The use of the theory with coaxial line reflection and transmission standards is described and a simple error analysis of these standards is presented which shows that their performance is calculable to an accuracy limited only by the precision to which they can be made.