Engineering calculation methods for turbulent flow

The use of partial differential equations to describe a wide range of flow conditions are examined. The emphasis is placed on conservation equations and the physical assumptions necessary to characterize turbulent flow and on numerical procedures for calculating the flow around airfoils and wings. Discussions of numerical methods center around boundary-layer equations. Attention is given to turbulence models based on the eddy viscosity hypotheses and stress equation modelling. Thin shear-layer equations are considered, and solutions for two-dimensional boundary layer problems are outlined, along with inverse boundary layer problems. Unsteady, two-dimensional and steady, three-dimensional flows are explored, and a computer program for unsteady, two-dimensional boundary layers is presented. Finally, recirculating, viscous, inviscid interactions and corner flows, and stability and transition, as well as wings and turbomachinery are discussed.