Millimeter-wave Orotron oscillation. I - Theory. II - Experiment
Abstract
Physical operational principles of the orotron, a free-electron laser in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength regions, are theoretically described and experimentally assessed. The linear and nonlinear electron bunching theories are discussed. Motion equations are linearized, and the orotron's starting current and electronic tuning characteristics are calculated, with numerical calculations of the electron efficiency also given. In addition, the implementation of the calculations is discussed, and experimental observations of the orotron in the frequency band from 53 to 73 GHz are reported. Output power is approximately 100 mW at a beam current of 90-100 mA, and oscillation has starting currents of 35 to 82 mA. In addition, the electronic tuning transconductance and the orotron's output signal spectrum are measured, yielding 0.25 MHz/V and less than 0.4 MHz at 70 GHz respectively. Results show agreement with theoretical calculations, with the device exhibiting several positive features, including a definite threshold and the ability to oscillate on several modes.
- Publication:
-
IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
- Pub Date:
- August 1981
- DOI:
- 10.1109/JQE.1981.1071306
- Bibcode:
- 1981IJQE...17.1333L
- Keywords:
-
- Electron Bunching;
- Free Electron Lasers;
- Microwave Oscillators;
- Millimeter Waves;
- Submillimeter Waves;
- Tunable Lasers;
- Electronic Control;
- Energy Conversion Efficiency;
- Frequency Control;
- Laser Outputs;
- Optical Resonators;
- Phase Velocity;
- Tuning;
- Lasers and Masers