Comparison of holographic, radiographic, and ultrasonic techniques for damage detection in composite materials
Abstract
Side-by-side comparisons of damage indications obtained by using tetrabromoethane (TBE) enhanced X-ray, through-transmission ultrasonic C-scan, and holographic nondestructive inspection methods on various composite specimens containing different amounts of damage are presented. Specific results are presented for (1) graphite-epoxy specimens containing fatigue induced damage regions growing from surface notches and through-the-thickness circular holes and (2) hybrid composite specimens containing static loading induced damage regions near central through-the-thickness slits. The results show that the TBE enhanced X-ray nondestructive inspection method gives the most detailed description of the damage, while the C-scans give the least information. The holographic nondestructive inspection method, using thermal loading, provides information on delaminations near the specimen surfaces and cracks in the surface plies. This information in conjunction with that provided by TBE enhanced X-ray photography gives an accurate description of the damage regions.
- Publication:
-
In: ICCM/2; Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Composite Materials
- Pub Date:
- 1978
- Bibcode:
- 1978aime.conf.1037S
- Keywords:
-
- Composite Materials;
- Cracks;
- Fatigue (Materials);
- Holographic Interferometry;
- Ultrasonic Tests;
- X Ray Inspection;
- Graphite-Epoxy Composites;
- Nondestructive Tests;
- Notch Tests;
- Perforated Plates;
- Instrumentation and Photography